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研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解

作者:kasami 栏目:模拟技术
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解
这篇文章对阅读资料很用参考价值,请关注。






标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解




Understanding and Interpreting


Standard-Logic Data Sheets


TI 标准逻辑数据手册


术语符号的解释与理解





原著:Stephen M. Nolan and JOSE M. Soltero


翻译:kasami



ABSTRACT 摘要


[001]

[001]

Texas Instruments (TI) standard-LOGIC PRODUCTs data sheets include descriptions of functionality and electrical specifications for the DEVICEs. Each specification includes acronyms, numerical limits, and TEST conditions that may be foreign to the user. The proper understanding and interpretation of the direct, and sometimes implied, meanings of these specifications is essential to correct PRODUCT selection and associated CIRCUIT design. This application report explains each data-sheet parameter in detail, how it affects the DEVICE, and, more important, how it impacts the application. This will enable component and system-design engineers to derive the maximum benefit from TI LOGIC DEVICEs.

德洲仪器(TI)标准逻辑产品数据手册包括器件的功能和电子规格的描述。各个规格包括首字母缩略词、数字界定和测试条件,这些对于用户来说可能比较陌生。适当的理解、直接的解释,或暗示,对于纠正产品选择和有关的电路设计是非常必要的。这个应用报告详细解释数据手册中的各个参数,包括它们是如何影响器件的,更重要的是,它们是如何影响应用的。这将使得组件和系统设计工程师从TI逻辑器件中获得最大好处。

[译者语]个别地方(如:component)因认识有限和理解不到位,翻译中颇感困惑。也许要到翻译完成后才能得到正确的认识和理解。




说明:根据一位网友的建议,现试着以学习的态度来翻译这篇文章,请大家多加点评,多多指教。需要大家谅解的是,因没有保存链接,需要原文,请到TI网站查找,也诚望先找到的朋友跟帖提供链接,学生在此先谢过大家了!!        

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-24 0:41:35 修改者:IC921

2楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
kasami同学大胆翻译,请大家大力支持!!

kasami同学大胆翻译,请大家大力支持!!



3楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
附图链接和文章推荐

No.

图  号

链  接

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Understanding and Interpreting Standard-Logic Data Sheets 图1.jpg (73264)

http://www.21icsearch.com/buzi/upimage/upfile/2005415026460.jpg

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24.    

原文链接

http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/szza036b/szza036b.pdf


* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-24 21:57:53 修改者:IC921

4楼: >>参与讨论
akaer
Thanks, kasami!
感觉你的译文质量不错,与原文挺贴的。另外你第一次参加研讨翻译活动就能做到如此规范,实在难得!

这一段中,有一个地方和你探讨:electrical specifications,我觉得翻译成“电气指标”更好些。

期待你后面的作品!


* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-13 23:01:02 修改者:akaer

http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/szza036b/szza036b.pdf

5楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
文件目录(仅作为分节之参考)
附图列表    2
ABSTRACT 摘要    3
正文目录    4
1 Introduction 导言    7
2 Top-Level Look at the TI LOGIC Data Sheet    7
2.1 Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION    8
2.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings    10
2.3 Recommended Operating Conditions 推荐工作条件    11
2.4 Electrical Characteristics    13
2.5 Live-Insertion Specifications    14
2.6 Timing Requirements    15
2.7 Switching Characteristics    16
2.8 Noise Characteristics    17
2.9 Operating Characteristics    17
2.10 Parameter Measurement Information    18
3 Dissecting the TI LOGIC Data Sheet    19
3.1 Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION    20
3.1.1 Title, Literature NUMBER, and Dates of Origination and Revision    20
3.1.1.1 Example:    20
3.1.1.2 Level-Shifting DIODE (D)    24
3.1.1.3 Bus-Hold (H)    25
3.1.1.4 Damping RESISTOR on Inputs/OUTPUTs (R)    26
3.1.1.5 Schottky Clamping DIODE (S)    26
3.1.1.6 Undershoot-Protection Circuitry (K)    27
3.1.1.7 Power-Up 3-State (Z)    28
3.1.2 Features Bullets    29
3.1.3 PACKAGE Options and Pinouts    30
3.1.4 DESCRIPTION    31
3.1.5 BGA Packaging Top-View Illustrations and Pin-Assignments Table    31
3.1.6 Ordering Information    31
3.1.7 Function Table    33
3.1.8 LOGIC Diagram    36
3.1.9 PRODUCT Development Stage Note    37
3.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings    38
3.2.1 Supply Voltage, VCC    38
3.2.2 Input Voltage, VI    38
3.2.3 OUTPUT Voltage, VO    39
3.2.4 Voltage Range Applied to Any OUTPUT in the High-Impedance or Power-Off State, VO    40
3.2.5 Voltage Range Applied to Any OUTPUT in the High State, VO    41
3.2.6 Input Clamp Current, IIK    41
3.2.7 OUTPUT Clamp Current, IOK    42
3.2.8 Continuous OUTPUT Current, IO    42
3.2.9 Continuous Current Through VCC or GND Terminals    42
3.2.10 PACKAGE THERMAL Impedance, Junction-to-Ambient, θJA    42
3.2.11 Storage Temperature Range, Tstg    43
3.3 Recommended Operating Conditions 推荐工作条件    43
3.3.1 VCC Supply Voltage    43
3.3.2 BIAS VCC Bias Supply Voltage    44
3.3.3 VTT Termination Voltage    44
3.3.4 Vref Reference Voltage    45
3.3.5 VIH High-Level Input Voltage    45
3.3.6 VIL Low-level Input Voltage    47
3.3.7 IOH High-Level OUTPUT Current    49
3.3.8 IOHS Static High-Level OUTPUT Current    49
3.3.9 IOL Low-Level OUTPUT Current    50
3.3.10 IOLS Static Low-Level OUTPUT Current    51
3.3.11 VI Input Voltage    52
3.3.12 VO OUTPUT Voltage    53
3.3.13 Δt /Δv  Input Transition Rise or Fall Rate    54
3.3.14 Δt /ΔVCC Power-up Ramp Rate    55
3.3.15 TA Operating Free-Air Temperature    55
3.4 Electrical Characteristics    59
3.4.1 VT+ Positive-Going Input Threshold Level    59
3.4.2 VT– Negative-Going Input Threshold Level    60
3.4.3 ΔVT Hysteresis (VT+ – VT–)    60
3.4.4 VIK Input Clamp Voltage    63
3.4.5 VOH High-Level OUTPUT Voltage    63
3.4.6 VOHS Static High-level OUTPUT Voltage    64
3.4.7 VOL Low-Level OUTPUT Voltage    65
3.4.8 VOLS Static Low-Level OUTPUT Voltage    65
3.4.9 ron On-State Resistance    66
3.4.10 II Input Current    66
3.4.11 IIH High-Level Input Current    67
3.4.12 IIL Low-Level Input Current    68
3.4.13 II(hold) Input Hold Current    68
3.4.13 IBHH Bus-Hold High Sustaining Current    70
3.4.14 IBHL Bus-Hold Low Sustaining Current    71
3.4.15 IBHHO Bus-Hold High Overdrive Current    71
3.4.16 IBHLO Bus-Hold Low Overdrive Current    71
3.4.17 Ioff Input/OUTPUT Power-Off Leakage Current    72
3.4.18 IOZ Off-State (High-Impedance State) OUTPUT Current (of a 3-State OUTPUT)    74
3.4.19 IOZH Off-State OUTPUT Current With High-Level Voltage Applied    75
3.4.20 IOZL Off-State OUTPUT Current With Low-Level Voltage Applied    76
3.4.21 IOZPD Power-Down Off-State (High-Impedance State) OUTPUT Current (of a 3-State OUTPUT)    77
3.4.22 IOZPU Power-Up Off-State (High-Impedance State) OUTPUT Current (of a 3-State OUTPUT)    79
3.4.23 ICEX OUTPUT High Leakage Current    79
3.4.24 ICC Supply Current    80
3.4.25 ΔICC Supply-Current Change    80
3.4.26 Ci Input Capacitance    81
3.4.27 Cio Input/OUTPUT Capacitance    82
3.4.29 Co OUTPUT Capacitance    83
3.5 Live-Insertion Specifications    83
3.5.1 ICC (BIAS VCC) BIAS VCC Current    83
3.5.2 VO OUTPUT Bias Voltage    84
3.5.3 IO OUTPUT Bias Current    84
3.6 Timing Requirements    84
3.6.1 fclock Clock Frequency    84
3.6.2 tw PULSE Duration (Width)    85
3.6.3 tsu Setup Time    86
3.6.4 th Hold Time    87
3.7 Switching Characteristics    89
3.7.1 fmax Maximum Clock Frequency    89
3.7.2 tpd Propagation Delay Time    90
3.7.3 tPHL Propagation Delay Time, High-Level to Low-Level OUTPUT    91
3.7.4 tPLH Propagation Delay Time, Low-Level to High-Level OUTPUT    92
3.7.5 ten Enable Time (of a 3-State or Open-Collector OUTPUT)    93
3.7.6 tPZH Enable Time (of a 3-State OUTPUT) to High Level    93
3.7.8 tPZL Enable Time (of a 3-State OUTPUT) to Low Level    94
3.7.9 tdis Disable Time (of a 3-State or Open-Collector OUTPUT)    95
3.7.10 tPHZ Disable Time (of a 3-State OUTPUT) From High Level    95
3.7.11 tPLZ Disable Time (of a 3-State OUTPUT) From Low Level    96
3.7.12 tf Fall Time    96
3.7.13 tr Rise Time    96
3.7.14 Slew Rate    97
3.7.15 tsk(i) Input Skew    97
3.7.16 tsk(l) Limit Skew    97
3.7.17 tsk(o) OUTPUT Skew    98
3.7.18 tsk(p) PULSE Skew    98
3.7.19 tsk(pr) PROCESS Skew    99
3.8 Noise Characterist
6楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
TI技术文章翻译:标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解 (2)

Introduction 导言


[002]

[002]

To assist component and system-design engineers in selecting Texas Instruments (TI) standard-LOGIC products, this application report is a synopsis of the information available from a typical TI data sheet. Information includes a brief DESCRIPTION of terms, definitions, and testing procedures currently used for commercial and military specifications. Symbols, terms, and definitions generally are in accordance with those currently agreed upon by the JEDEC Solid State TECHNOLOGY Association for use in the USA and by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for international use. This application report is organized into five main sections:

为帮助组件和系统设计工程师选择TI标准逻辑产品,这份应用报告是来自于典型TI数据册的有用信息的摘要。这些信息包括术语的简单描述、定义和现在用于商业和军事规格的测试过程。符号、术语和定义一般与JEDEC和IEC现在允许的协议有关。这份应用报告包括以下五个部分:

[003]

[003]

1. Introduction
2. Top-Level Look at the TI Data Sheet. Overall layout and component parts of a data sheet are explained.
3. Dissecting the TI LOGIC Data Sheet. JEDEC definition, the TI definition, an explanation, and, where possible, helpful hints are presented for each specification term commonly found in TI LOGIC data sheets.
4. LOGIC Compatibility. Information in TI LOGIC data sheets for determining the interface compatibility between different LOGIC families is explained.
5. End matter, including the Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References sections.

1. 前言
2. 纵观TI数据手册。解释了数据手册的整体结构和组件部分。
3. 分析TI逻辑数据手册。 JEDEC定义、TI定义和解释,以及在可能的情况下对TI逻辑数据手册中常用的每个规格术语提供了有用的提示
4. 逻辑相容性。解释了TI逻辑数据手册中决定不同逻辑结构之间接口相容性的信息。
5. 结尾部分,包括结语、感谢和参考文献部分。



Top-Level Look at the TI LOGIC Data Sheet



[004]

[004]

The TI LOGIC data sheet presents pertinent technical information for a particular DEVICE and is organized for quick access. This application report dissects a typical TI LOGIC data sheet and describes the organization of all data sheets.
Typically, there are ten sections in TI LOGIC data sheets:
1. Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION
2. Absolute maximum ratings
3. Recommended operating conditions
4. Electrical characteristics
5. Live-insertion specifications
6. Timing requirements
7. Switching characteristics
8. Noise characteristics
9. Operating characteristics
10. Parameter measurement information

TI逻辑数据手册为特别器件提供相关技术信息并且查询快捷。这份应用报告分析了典型的TI逻辑数据手册,描述了所有数据手册的结构。


在TI逻辑数据手册中一般包括十个部分:
1.器件描述摘要
2.绝对最大额定值
3.推荐工作条件
4.电气特性
5.即插规格
6.时序请求
7.开关特性
8.噪声特性
9.工作特性
10.参数测量信息
  

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-15 0:13:02 修改者:IC921

7楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
[003]2.Top-Level Look at the TI Data Sheet
“纵观”一词建议改为“概貌”。

同一句:component parts of a data sheet  作“数据手册的组成部分”更好。

[002]等处的component一词,感觉不好,但一时找不到合适的词来表达。

8楼: >>参与讨论
kenand
to kasami
abstrct ................
abstract................
我相信这是你的笔误,

9楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
见笑了,的确是笔误
 
10楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
谢谢,我会继续努力的,多给意见啊
 
11楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
多谢各位
感谢各位的宝贵意见,本人第一次翻译,有不足之处,请多多指教,谢谢!


12楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
electrical specifications “电气指标”更好
 
13楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
我怎么就想不到呢?
Top-Level Look 翻译成“概貌” ,真是太贴切了,我怎么就想不到呢?佩服

14楼: >>参与讨论
宇宙飞船
organized into five main sections这句话的译法有出入?
This application report is organized into five main sections:
这份应用报告包括以下五个部分:
//-------------------------------------------
这句话如果译成:这应用报告由主要的五个部份组成。  
就能更符合原来的意思。
organized into  有由。。。。。。构成意思
main sections 其中的main 是修饰 five section.所以要把形容词修饰部分的意思也准确译出来才能是上上之作。


15楼: >>参与讨论
zhousd
very GOOD!
 
16楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
为什么不译成:这份应用报告由五个主要部分组成
“This application report is organized into five main sections:”译成“这份应用报告由五个主要部分组成:”岂不是更符合原文意思?

17楼: >>参与讨论
zhousd
这才叫水平,宇宙飞船果然是真人
  不出手则已,一但出手,句句分析入木三分,这才叫E文水平。
  我说楼上的kasami 是想同TI 做广告吧?看你的翻释贴子没有一点实力,这样的水平还好意思在此摆。
  什么叫做E 文水平你知道吗?好的翻译文章就是一本现成的语法教材!
  宇宙飞船改正过来后的那句就叫水平!真正的前辈高人也。
    

  

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-14 17:01:48 修改者:zhousd

18楼: >>参与讨论
akaer
与zhousd的几句题外话
网友的评论,不论是批评还是鼓励,只要亮出观点,作为研讨翻译活动的参与者,相信都会认为是对自己努力劳动的良好反馈。

不过,我觉得这里首先是一个技术论坛,kasami、我以及很多参与者都是在学习、共享技术的前提下,用这种方式锻炼英文能力。因此,我以为在信、达、雅的总要求下,是不是可以稍微放松一下,“保信、争达、望雅”可能更务实些,你说呢?:)



19楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
to zhousd:谢谢你来加油,但要注意一点原则
看得出你非常会给飞船加油哪!

但我想说明的一点是,kasami还是学生,译这篇文章原本是采取我的建议的结果,不要误会了。严格一点地说,做TI广告我也不够格,更何况撇开TI广告的话不说,连TI的文章也不能译,开这个论坛,也就没有什么意思了。kasami同学敢于出来到这里检验和磨练自己,精神非常可可嘉,要鼓励,多指导。不要对付出劳动的译者水平做不适当的评论或责难,以免伤害及其本人乃至他人的积极性。这点原则应当掌握好。

这篇文章非常基础,能全面了解,不仅对阅读资料非常有帮助,而且能让其本人乃至更多人对国际化大公司的规范性有所感受,这是这篇文章难得的地方之一。

文章实质内容还在后面,请你多多地从技术层面上加以支持。我想,如果你能译更多TI、ADI等国外大牌的文章,不但是给飞船加油,还会得到更多的欢迎。



20楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
thanks ,akaer and IC921
 
21楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
支持一下,顺带点评一下。
如果翻译具体某个产品的DATA SHEET还有广告之嫌的话,翻译这种概述性的材料应该说是一种值得提倡的行为。其实里面所讲的内容不往往不只是适用于某一家公司的产品,弄清楚基本概念对阅读任何一家公司同类产品的DATA SHEET都是有帮助的。

这开头几段翻译得不错,值得学习。但拍马的话少说,还是以研讨表示支持吧~~~
[002]
To assist component and system-design engineers in selecting Texas Instruments (TI) standard-logic products, this application report is a synopsis of the information available from a typical TI data sheet.
为帮助组件和系统设计工程师选择TI标准逻辑产品,这份应用报告是来自于典型TI数据册的有用信息的摘要。
意思明确,但读起来略感别扭。该句开头的To=In order to,引导的状语从句可放一主句前面,也可以放到主句后面。我感觉译文如放到后面读起来会略微舒服些。但主句的翻译想来想去还是译不好,试译如下:
这份应用报告是对典型的TI数据手册中所提供的信息的一个摘要,目的是为了帮助组件设计工程师和系统设计工程师选择TI的标准逻辑产品。


Symbols, terms, and definitions generally are in accordance with those currently agreed upon by the JEDEC Solid State TECHNOLOGY Association for use in the USA and by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for international use.
符号、术语和定义一般与JEDEC和IEC现在允许的协议有关。
in accordance with是与……一致的意思,不是“有关”。试译:
(本文中)符号、术语、定义一般与JEDEC固态技术协会认可在美国国内使用的符号、术语、定义以及国际电工委员会(IEC)认可在国际上使用的符号、术语、定义是一致的。
感觉我的译文有点冗长,希望有人帮我减减肥:)


* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-14 21:06:02 修改者:asunmad

22楼: >>参与讨论
宇宙飞船
to zhousd 老哥您的语气能平和一点就好
  翻译一篇长的专业技术文章不容易,要负出很大的努力和精力,能做到每句都翻译得很准确是很难的事,kasami 译出来的质量已经很不错了,我自问还没法达到他这个水平,可能是您的水平很高吧,但也不能用这样的心态对待别人。我们应该为他打气,鼓励才对,万万不可用这样的口气。
  坛子新开张,需要大家好的建议和参与,希望大家能抛开一切顾虑,敞开胸怀。

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-14 23:08:41 修改者:宇宙飞船

23楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
TI技术文章翻译:标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解(3)

Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION






Figure 1. Example of Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION




[005]

[005]

The absolute maximum ratings section (Figure 2) specifies the STRESS levels that, if exceeded, may cause permanent damage to the DEVICE. However, these are STRESS ratings ONLY, and functional operation of the DEVICE at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Also, exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect DEVICE reliability.

绝对最大额定值部分(图2)规定了耐压等级,如否,就可能对器件造成永久性的损坏。然而,这只是耐压额定值,器件的实际工作在这种条件或在其它任何条件下超过推荐操作条件是不可取的。另外,在绝对最大额定值条件下工作时间延长可能影响器件的可靠性。

[006]

[006]

As Figure 2 indicates, there are two absolute maximums that may be exceeded under certain conditions. The input and OUTPUT voltage ratings, VI and VO, may be exceeded if the input and OUTPUT maximum clamp-current ratings, IIK and IOK, are observed.

按照图2所标明的,在一定条件下,有两个最大值可能被超过。如果观察输入和输出最大箝压电流额定值IIK和IOK,会发现输入和输出电压额定值VI和VO已经可能超过。   
  

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-15 0:24:58 修改者:IC921

24楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
Live-insertion我不知道怎么翻译
Live-insertion我不知道怎么翻译,但是我觉得这个可能和计算机中的即插即用类似,所以这么翻译了,哪位高手指点一下


25楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
谢谢IC921
真的谢谢版主IC921对我的帮助,我翻译那篇文章也是根据他的建议!我是研一的学生,以前对自己的英语水平还是蛮自信的,但翻译起来才发现自己just so-so,虽然有点难度,但我还是决定坚持下去,继续翻译!翻译水平有限,恳请各位多多指教!

26楼: >>参与讨论
zhousd
Live-insertion 直译过来就是:热插入,带电插入 的意思
也就是USB中的:即插即用 这点您译得没有错呀


* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-15 14:09:53 修改者:zhousd

27楼: >>参与讨论
akaer
Reply in English, maybe Chiglish, haha
[005]
STRESS levels: Obviously, voltage ratings is just a PART of the "absolute maximum ratings" section, so I think "耐压等级" is not suitable here. Maybe "极端使用条件" is better.

The sentence "器件的实际工作在这种条件或在其它任何条件下超过推荐操作条件是不可取的" is a little complicated to me, though no grammar problem founded in it.  I think "functional operation" here means "work as designed, but performance not guaranteed".  

[006]
observed: I think it can be ignored in target sentence since you had used a "条件状语".  BTW, if you add a "当" in it, it'll better I think.

28楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
Comments on [005]
[005]
However, these are STRESS ratings ONLY, and functional operation of the DEVICE at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied.
然而,这些只是应力等级,并不意味着在这些应力下或者任何其它超过“推荐工作条件”所指定的条件下器件的功能正确。

29楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
TI技术文章翻译:标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解(4)

Absolute Maximum Ratings


绝对最大额定值

[007]

[007]

Helpful Hint:
All currents are defined with respect to conventional current flow into the respective terminal of the integrated CIRCUIT. This means that any current that flows out of the respective terminal is considered to be a negative quantity.

有用的提示:
根据传统电流定义,所有流进集成电路各端口的电流都定为正的。也就意味着任何流出端口的电流是负。

[008]

[008]

All limits are given according to the absolute-magnitude convention, with a few exceptions. In this convention, maximum refers to the greater magnitude limit of a range of like-signed VALUEs; if the range includes both positive and negative VALUEs, both limit VALUEs are maximums. MINIMUM refers to the smaller magnitude limit of a range of like-signed VALUEs; if the range includes both positive and negative VALUEs, the MINIMUM is implicitly zero. The most common exceptions to the use of the absolute magnitude convention are temperature and LOGIC levels. Here, zero does not represent the least-possible quantity, so the algebraic convention is commonly accepted. In this case, maximum refers to the most-positive VALUE.
除了少数的特殊情况外,所有的限制都是根据绝对参量公约给定的。在该公约里,最大值是指在一些有符号的数值范围内的较大值,如果范围内既包括正值又包括负值,则两个限制值都是最大值。最小值是指限制在一些有符号的数值范围内的较小值,如果范围内既包括正值又包括负值,那最小值就默认为零。绝对参量公约中最常见的特例就是温度和逻辑电平。这里,零并不是最不可能的值,因此代数协会一般是接受的。在这种情况下,最大值就是指最大正值。[译者语]首句中的limits不知道是以什么参考来界定的,无法译出来。Convention也一样



Figure 2. Example of Absolute Maximum Ratings Section
图2:绝对最大额定值一节的示例
 

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-24 0:47:48 修改者:IC921

30楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
感觉convention翻译为公约有点法律文书的味道
我觉得叫惯例更好些。
[008]
All limits are given according to the absolute-magnitude convention, with a few exceptions.
除少数特例外,极限值都是按照绝对值幅度惯例给出的。

31楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
convention也想翻译成“惯例”的,但结合下文感觉不合适
 
32楼: >>参与讨论
ic921
“....also known as features bullets”
最新版本

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-16 19:19:52 修改者:ic921

33楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
TI技术文章翻译:标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解(5)

Recommended Operating Conditions


推荐工作条件

[009]

[009]

The first section of a data sheet contains all of the general information about a DEVICE (see Figure 1). This information includes:

数据手册的第一部分包括器件的所有常规信息。这些信息包括:

[010]

[010]

1.      Title, literature NUMBER, and dates of origination and revision, as applicable

1.标题、文献代码和可采用的原始数据和修正数据

[011]

[011]

2.      DESCRIPTION of the main features and benefits of the DEVICE, also known as features bullets

器件主要特性和效用的描述,即特性介绍
[译者语]benefits不知怎么译,请高人指教

[012]

[012]

3.      PACKAGE options and pinouts

封装选项和引脚外形排列

[013]

[013]

4.      DESCRIPTION

描述

[014]

[014]

5.      BGA packaging top-view illustration and terminal assignments table, if applicable (not illustrated in Figure 1)

BGA封装过程演示和终端分配表格,如果可采用的话(图1为包括)

[015]

[015]

6.      Ordering information

订购信息

[016]

[016]

7.      Function table

功能表

[017]

[017]

8.      LOGIC diagram (positive LOGIC)

逻辑图表(正逻辑)

[018]

[018]

9.      Product-development-stage note

产品发展进度记录
[译者语]Product-development-stage是什么东西啊?

[019]

[019]

The recommended operating conditions section of the data sheet sets the conditions over which Texas Instruments specifies DEVICE operation (see Figure 3). These are the conditions that the application CIRCUIT should provide to the DEVICE for it to function as intended. The limits for items that appear in this section are used as TEST conditions for the limits that appear in the electrical characteristics, timing requirements, switching characteristics, and operating conditions sections.

数据手册的推荐工作条件部分根据TI规定的器件操作制定(见图3)。这些是应用电路应该为器件提供的条件以使器件产生所需的功能。本节中出现的项目限制是在电气特性、时序要求,开关特性和工作条件几个小节中作为测试条件使用的





Figure 3. Example Recommended Operating Conditions Section 图3:推荐工作条件一节的示例

NOTE 1: All unused CONTROL inputs of the DEVICE must be held at VCC or GND to ensure proper DEVICE operation. REFER to the TI application report, Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs, literature NUMBER SCBA004.
   

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-24 0:52:12 修改者:IC921

34楼: >>参与讨论
ic921
Switching characteristics是否可意译作“瞬态特性”?
to akaer :

从原文的我,角度看,有一部分是电气特性是直流方面的,因此,我认为不宜。

可能你没有查看原文,只想到动态方面的去了。

_____________________
对不起,我看电气特性那去了,你是对的!

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-16 23:23:29 修改者:ic921

35楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
佩服akaer

Switching characteristics   是否可意译作“瞬态特性”?


初看到这句话时,很是不解,但翻译到后面才发现,确实应该这么译
Timing requirements   我也是译作“时序要求”但好像发帖时忘记改了

36楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
厉害,佩服ing
 
37楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
TI技术文章翻译:标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解(6)

Electrical Characteristics


电气特性

[020]

[020]

The electrical characteristics over recommended free-air temperature range table, also known in the industry as the dc table, provides the specified electrical-characteristic limits of the DEVICE when tested under the conditions in the recommended operating conditions table, as given specifically for each parameter (see Figure 4).

当在推荐工作条件下进行测试时,推荐大气温度范围表,即工业中的dc表,提供了器件的限定电气特性限制,每个参数特定给出(见图4)。
[译者语] under the conditions in the recommended operating conditions table在推荐操作条件下,这样翻译可以嘛?table没有译出,我感觉意思不受影响

[021]

[021]

Helpful Hint:
Although some parameters, such as Ci and Cio, can be tested with an ac signal, sometimes the electrical characteristics table is called the dc section.

有益提示:
虽然一些参数可以通过ac信号测试,如Ci和Cio,但有时电气特性表被称为dc部分(参数)




Figure 4. Example Electrical-Characteristics Section
图4:电气特性一节的示例
原图注释:
On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, this parameter is not production tested.
All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V, TA = 25°C.
Unused pins at VCC or GND
This is the bus-hold maximum dynamic current. It is the MINIMUM overdrive current required to SWITCH the input from one state to another.
This is the increase in supply current for each input that is at the specified TTL voltage level, rather than VCC or GND.




Live-Insertion Specifications


即插特性

[022]

[022]

The live-insertion section of the data sheet provides information about the parameters needed for true live insertion. These parameters include Ioff, IOZPU, IOZPD, and BIAS VCC for precharging purposes. An example of a typical live-insertion section is shown in Figure 5.

数据手册的即插部分提供了现场即插需要的参数。这些参数包括预先加电的Ioff,、IOZPU、IOZPD和 BIAS VCC。一个典型的即插小节例子如图5所示。

Timing Requirements


时序要求

[023]

[023]

The timing requirements section of the data sheet is similar to the recommended operating conditions section (see Figure 6). These are timings that the application CIRCUIT should provide to the DEVICE for it to function as intended. This section addresses the timing relationships between transitions of one or more input signals that are necessary to ensure DEVICE functionality and applies ONLY to sequential-logic DEVICEs (e.g., flip-flops, latches, and registers).

数据手册的时序要求是与推荐工作条件小节类似的(见图6)。应用电路应该为器件提供这些是时序,这样器件就可以发挥出应有的作用。本节为一个或更多输入信号之间的时序关系提供寻址,这些输入信号是使器件发挥作用的必须信号,并且只应用于顺序逻辑器件 (比如触发器、锁存寄存器和寄存器)。

Switching Characteristics


瞬态特性

[024]

[024]

The SWITCHing characteristics section of the data sheet, also known in the industry as the ac table, includes those parameters that specify how FAST the outputs will respond to signal changes at the inputs under specified conditions of supply voltage, temperature, and load (see Figure 7).

数据手册的瞬态特性部分,即工业中的ac表,包括以下的参数。这些参数规定:当输入信号工作在规定条件下,即规定电源电压、温度和负载时,输出对信号变化的响应的快慢程度(见图7)。

[025]

[025]

Helpful Hint:
The SWITCHing characteristics table sometimes is called the ac section, and should not be confused with the ac small-signal performance because SWITCHing characteristics describe the large-signal transient response of the CIRCUIT.

有益提示:
瞬态特性有时被叫做ac表,但不能把它与ac小信号特性混淆,因为瞬态特性描述的是电路的大信号瞬态响应




Live-insertion specifications for B PORT over recommended operating free-air temperature range


Figure 5. Example Live-Insertion Section
图5 即插小节示例
  

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-24 0:56:42 修改者:IC921

38楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
comments: address, etc.
[023]
This section addresses the timing relationships between transitions of one or more input signals that are necessary to ensure DEVICE functionality and applies ONLY to sequential-logic DEVICEs (e.g., flip-flops, latches, and registers).

本节为一个或更多输入信号之间的时序关系提供寻址,这些输入信号是使器件发挥作用的必须信号,并且只应用于顺序逻辑器件 (比如触发器、锁存寄存器和寄存器)。

这部分译文值得商確。
这句中的address不是“寻址”的意思,是“处理(解决)……问题”,“说明(某某主题)”的意思。
从语法结构上看,全句为一个并列句(不是主从句),这addresses……和applies……并列,这可以从applies的数看出。

改译:
本节说明一个或多个输入信号的转变沿之间的时序关系,这些时序关系对保证器件的功能是必须的。本节只适用于时序电路(如触发器、锁存器和寄存器)。

另外,第[020]段的under the conditions in the recommended operating conditions table翻译为“在推荐操作条件下”,意思已经基本达到了,但我不主张这么翻译。因为“在推荐操作条件下”的英语完全可以说成“under the  recommended operating conditions”,这种说法在英语里也丝毫不比原文中的说法拗口或冷僻,原文采用了更冗长的说法,不是因为英语与汉语的差异,而完全写作风格的差异,这种情况应该在译文中体现出来。而且“recommended operating conditions table”是一个实实在在存在的表格,看到这就可以知道可以直接去翻表格。所以,我觉得原样译为“在推荐工作条件表中所规定的条件下”比较忠实原文。


39楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
sequential-LOGIC DEVICEs  “时序电路”?
DEVICE  做名词时,是“ 器件,设备,装置”的意思,有个词语,LOGIC DEVICE
是“ 逻辑设备”的意思,楼上的把sequential-LOGIC DEVICEs 翻译成 “时序电路”?,学生有点不解,请详细指教,拜托了
另外,[020]那句话翻译得真是很好,我忍不住又要说一次“佩服”!


40楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
sequential-logic DEVICE: 时序逻辑器件
我写成“时序电路”是因为平时说这个词说习惯了,叫时序逻辑器件更准确些——虽然它们的意思差不多。
sequential在这里肯定是译成“时序”比较符号中国大陆的习惯,它是与“Combinational”(组合的)相对应的。

PS:
另外,[020]那句话翻译得真是很好,我忍不住又要说一次“佩服”!

这话好象有点不对劲啊~~~~我的一切点评都仅限于技术层面的探讨,不当之处敬请见谅~~~~

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-17 13:07:42 修改者:asunmad

41楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
features bullets中的bullet我曾怀疑应是bulletin
从网上的确可以找到features bulletin或features bulletin board的说法,但即使如此,我也找不到合适的翻译。

42楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解(7)

2.8 Noise Characteristics


噪声特性

[026]

[026]

This section indicates a DEVICE’s noise performance due to POWER-rail and ground-rail bounce associated with the high peak currents during dynamic switching (see Figure 8).

本节表明了器件的噪声特性,取决于动态转换期间受峰值电流影响的电源电位和地电位抖动(见图8)


noise characteristics, VCC = 5 V, CL = 50 pF, TA = 25°C (see Note 4)

NOTE 2: Characteristics are for surface-mount packages ONLY.
Figure 8. Example Noise-Characteristics Section
图8:噪声特性小节的示例



2.9 Operating Characteristics


工作特性

[027]

[027]

The operating characteristics section of the data sheet includes the parameter that specifies the POWER-dissipation capacitance (Cpd) in a CMOS DEVICE (see Figure 9). For additional information on how Cpd is measured and used to calculate total CMOS-DEVICE POWER consumption in the application, REFER to the TI application report, CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation, literature NUMBER SCAA035.

数据手册的工作特性这一节包括CMOS器件中电源耗散电容(Cpd)参数的规定(见图9)。关于应用时怎样测量Cpd以及是如何用于计算CMOS器件总功率消耗的附加信息,请参见TI公司的应用报告《CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation》,文献代码为:SCAA035
[译者语]《CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation》这一文件我没有找过,如哪位热心的朋友找到,敬请跟提供链接,先谢过了。



operating characteristics, TA = 25°C


Figure 9. Example of Operating-Characteristics Section Parameter Measurement Information
图9:工作特性小节参数测量信息的示例




2.10 Parameter Measurement Information


参数测量信息

[028]

[028]

The parameter measurement information section of the data sheet illustrates the TEST loads and waveforms that are used when TESTing the DEVICE (see Figure 10).

在测试器件时,数据手册的参数测量信息小节,举例说明测试负载和测试波形(参见图10)。





Figure 10. Example Parameter Measurement Information Section
图10:参数测量信息小节的示例

说明:原文没有小节编号,阅读不太方便。从本帖起,译者对原文的分节作了加注小节编号的处理,个别地方如有不妥,有请各位朋友指正。
     

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-4-20 23:14:48 修改者:IC921

43楼: >>参与讨论
ic921
CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation
CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation

链接:http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/scaa035b/scaa035b.pdf

http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/scaa035b/scaa035b.pdf

44楼: >>参与讨论
gyfeng1017
太好了
  

   到这里逛一圈,真能学到不少东西.以后我要每天都坚持来这里学英语.这里的英文翻译都很不错.

45楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
实在抱歉!
    51期间仔细看了一下这篇文章,觉得本篇和我的专业方向有较大出入,很多名词对我来说非常陌生,俗话说,隔行如隔山,继续翻译,感觉力不从心。时间紧迫,我还是想将时间充分用到自己的专业学习上去。深思后决定,不再翻译下去了。在此,感谢各位的支持,请各位理解与原谅。
    另外,在翻译上述内容的过程中,一位网友给了我很多有益建议,在此表示感谢。

46楼: >>参与讨论
kasami
有哪位愿意继续翻译的话,可以直接和IC921联系
    对于不能继续翻译的事情,在下十分抱歉。刚才版主IC921发消息说,让我就版权的事情再交代一下,我觉得十分惭愧,我翻译的内容也不多,只是发上来大家一起学习,而且我已经停止翻译了,版权的事情就和我无关了。如果哪位愿意继续翻译的话,可以直接和IC921联系,他那里有原始资料。在这里先谢谢IC921了。
    另外,我的用户名马上转给别人了,所以这篇翻译到底能否进行下去,和kasami这个用户就没有关系了。
    最后,谢谢各位的支持。


47楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
我已经译了一些,等一下先接上
谢谢kasami,这本身是不能耽误自己学习和工作的课余/业余活动,相信大家会理解的。如果无人接续而由我译完,版权的问题我会好好考虑你的。

相信你很有志,祝早出成就!!

48楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解029~032+

3.1 Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION 器件描述摘要

3.1.1 Title, Literature NUMBER, and Dates of Origination and Revision


标题、文献编码、数据源和版本

[030]

[030]

The DEVICE NUMBER and title appear at the top of every page. The DEVICE NUMBER is the NUMBER of the parent DEVICE. The fully qualified PART NUMBER for a specific DEVICE can be found in the Orderable PART NUMBER table. Figure 11 is a chart to help decode information in the TI logic-DEVICE PART NUMBER.

器件代码和标题出来在每页的顶部。该器件代码是父器件代码。但完整、有效的特定器件代码请查阅“选购代码表”,图11是TI逻辑器件部分代码的解析图。
[译者语] the Orderable PART NUMBER table理解为与订购有关的代码表,但目前未找出具体的实例与之对应。请大家跟帖补一个吧。

[031]

[031]

The literature NUMBER is a unique identifier used by TI to identify, store, and retrieve a data sheet in internal files.

文献代码是内部文件的唯一标识符,它由TI定义、存储和找回数据手册。

[032]

[032]

The month and year of origination is the first date of publication of the data sheet. If a data sheet is MODIFIED, the revision date (month and year) is added. If there are multiple revisions, ONLY the latest revision date appears.

其中的年月是第一版数据手册的出版日期。如果数据表被修改,修订日期(年月)推后。如果有多次修订,则只给出最新版本修订日期。


Example 实例:




1 STANDARD Prefix

适用标准的前缀

Examples:


SN –STANDARD Prefix

标准前缀

SNJ –Conforms to MIL-PRF-38535 (QML)

SNJ:符合MIL-PRF-38535 (QML的(前缀)



2 Temperature Range

2 湿度范围

Examples:

例:

54 –Military

54:军用

74 –Commercial

74:商用



3 Family

3 系列

Examples:


Blank = Transistor-Transistor LOGIC (TTL)

空白:TTL逻辑

ABT –ADVANCED BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY

ABT:改进BiCMOS技术

ABTE/ETL –ADVANCED BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY/ Enhanced Transceiver LOGIC

ABTE/ETL:改进BiCMOS技术或ETL

AC/ACT –ADVANCED CMOS LOGIC

AC/ACT:改进CMOS逻辑

AHC/AHCT –ADVANCED High-Speed CMOS LOGIC

AHC/AHCT:改进CMOS逻辑

ALB –ADVANCED Low-Voltage BiCMOS

ALB:改进的低电压BiCMOS

ALS –ADVANCED Low-Power Schottky LOGIC

ALS:改进的低功耗肖特基逻辑

ALVC –ADVANCED Low-Voltage CMOS TECHNOLOGY

ALVC:改进的低电压CMOS技术

ALVT –ADVANCED Low-Voltage BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY

ALVT:改进的低电压 BiCMOS技术

AS –ADVANCED Schottky LOGIC

AS:改进的肖特基逻辑

AUC –ADVANCED Ultra Low-Voltage CMOS LOGIC

AUC:改进的超低电压CMOS逻辑

AVC –ADVANCED Very Low-Voltage CMOS LOGIC

AVC:改进的较低电压CMOS逻辑

BCT –BiCMOS Bus-Interface TECHNOLOGY

BCT:BiCMOS总线接口技术

CBT –Crossbar TECHNOLOGY

CBTCrossbar技术

CBTLV – Low-Voltage Crossbar TECHNOLOGY

CBTLV:低电压Crossbar技术

CD4000CMOS B-Series Integrated CIRCUITs

CD4000CMOS B系列集成电路

F –F LOGIC

F:F逻辑

FB –Backplane Transceiver LOGIC/Futurebus+

FB:

FCT –FAST CMOS TTL LOGIC

FCT:快速CMOS TTL逻辑

GTL –Gunning Transceiver LOGIC

GTL:

GTLP –Gunning Transceiver LOGIC Plus

GTLP:

HC/HCT –High-Speed CMOS LOGIC

HC/HCT:高速CMOS逻辑

HSTL –High-Speed Transceiver LOGIC

HSTL:高速传输逻辑

LS –Low-Power Schottky LOGIC

LS:低功耗肖特基逻辑

LV – Low-Voltage CMOS TECHNOLOGY

LV:低电压CMOS技术

LVC – Low-Voltage CMOS TECHNOLOGY

LVC:低电压CMOS技术

LVT – Low-Voltage BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY PCA/PCF –I2C Inter-Integrated CIRCUIT Applications

LVT:低电压BiCMOS技术PCA/PCF,I2C电路适用。

S –Schottky LOGIC

S:肖特基逻辑

SSTL/SSTV –Stub Series-Terminated LOGIC

SSTL/SSTV:Stub Series-Terminated逻辑

TVC – Translation Voltage Clamp LOGIC

TVC:传输电压嵌位逻辑

VME –VERSAmodule Eurocard Bus TECHNOLOGY

VME:VERSAmodule Eurocard总线技术



4 Special Features

4 特殊性能

Examples:

译注:在3.1.2~3.1.7节各项均有详述

Blank = No Special Features

空白:无特殊性能

C –Configurable VCC (LVCC)

C:可配置电源 (LVCC)

D –Level-Shifting DIODE (CBTD)

D:电平移动二极管 (CBTD)

H –Bus Hold (ALVCH)

H:总线握手 (ALVCH)

K –Undershoot-Protection CIRCUITry (CBTK)

K:负过冲保护 (CBTK)

R –Damping RESISTOR on Inputs/Outputs (LVCR)

R:输入/输出阻尼电阻 (LVCR)

S –Schottky Clamping DIODE (CBTS)

S:肖特基箝位二极管 (CBTS)

Z –Power-Up 3-State

Z:上电3态 (LVCZ)



5 Bit Width

5 字长

Examples:


Blank = Gates, MSI, and Octals

空白:门, MSI和8单元

1G –SINGLE Gate
49楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解033~033

3.1.1.1 Configurable VCC (C) 可配置VCC (型号标识代码为C)


[033]

[033]

Configurable VCC is a feature of devices that are designed as dual-supply level shifters, e.g., SN74LVCC3245 and SN74LVCC4245. Using these devices allows selection of the voltage to be applied to VCC on the B-port side (VCCB) and/or A-port side (VCCA) (see Figure 12).

可配置VCC专用于作为双电源电平移动的器件特性,如SN74LVCC3245 和 SN74LVCC4245。使用这类器件,允许将VCC加到B口一边(VCCB)和/或A口一边(VCCA),见图12。

Designers can use these devices in existing single-voltage systems. When systems become mixed-voltage systems, these devices do not need to be replaced, allowing for quicker time to market.

设计师可以将这些器件用于单电源系统。当系统成为混合电压系统,这些器件无需替换,可快速面市。






VCCA A PORT

VCCB B PORT

TRANSLATION (BIDIRECTIONAL FLOW)

SN74LVCC3245A

2.3 V–3.6 V

3 V–5.5 V

2.5 V to 3.3 V or 3.3 V to 5 V

SN74LVCC4245A

5 V

3 V–5 V

5 V to 3.3 V


Figure 12. Example of Configurable VCC Devices
图12:可配置VCC器件的实例

>>返回目录

50楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解034~034

3.1.1.2 Level-Shifting DIODE (D)


电平移动二极管 (型号标识代码为D)

[034]

[034]

Devices with D as PART of the DEVICE NUMBER have an integrated DIODE in the VCC LINE. Examples are crossbar switches SN74CBTD3306 (with the integrated DIODE) and SN74CBT3306 (without the integrated DIODE). These DEVICEs allow 5-V to 3.3-V translation if no drive is required. Bidirectional data transmission is allowed between 5-V TTL and 3.3-V LVTTL, whereas ONLY unidirectional level translation is allowed from 5-V CMOS to 3.3-V LVTTL (see Figure 13). The integrated DIODE saves designers both board space and component cost.

器件型号代码带有D表示它通过一个整合的二极管再接到VCC电源上。例如,横向开关SN74CBTD3306(内有内置二极管)与SN74CBT3306(没有无内置二极管)。这些器件允许5V对3.3V翻译,如果无驱动能力要求。(这些器件)允许在5V TTL和3.3V LVTTL之间作双向数据传输,但是只允许从5V CMOS3.3V LVTTL(参见图13),仅作单向电平传输。内置二极管可使设计师节省板面空间和元件耗费。
[译者语]对单向传输只能作“5V CMOS3.3V LVTTL”一时不太明白。另外,the integrated DIODE和if no drive is required两处,前者好象译得不好,后者实在也不清楚,请大家指点。




Figure 13. CBT vs CBTD With Internal DIODE
图13:无内置二极管和有内置二极管的比较
>>返回目录

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-5-12 22:10:19 修改者:IC921

51楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解035~035

3.1.1.3 Bus-Hold (H)


总线握手 (型号标识代码为H)

[035]

[035]

A bus-hold CIRCUIT is implemented in selected LOGIC families to help solve the floating-input problem inherent in all CMOS inputs (REFER to the application report, Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs, literature NUMBER SCBA004). The bus-hold CIRCUIT maintains the last known input state into the DEVICE and, as an additional benefit, pullup or pulldown resistors no longer are needed (see Figure 14). The advantages of DEVICEs with this CIRCUIT are board-space savings and reduced component costs.

面对所选择的逻辑系列(器件),解决所有CMOS输入所固有的浮置输入难题,总线握手不可避免,(参见应用报告, 《Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs》,文献代码SCBA004)。总线握手保证最后的已经输入状态进入到器件内,它另外的好处是不再是需要上拉下拉电阻(参见图14)。电路中使用这类器件的优势是节省电路板空间和减少零件耗费。
[译注]:Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs的文件链接为:
http://www-s.ti.com/sc/psheets/scba004c/scba004c.pdf

52楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解036~036

3.1.1.4 Damping RESISTOR on Inputs/Outputs (R)


输入输出阻尼电阻 (型号标识代码为R)

[036]

[036]

Series damping resistors (SDR), denoted by R in the DEVICE NUMBER, are included at all input/OUTPUT and OUTPUT ports of designated DEVICEs (see Figure 15). The SDRs limit the current, thereby reducing signal undershoot and overshoot noise. Additionally, SDRs make LINE termination easier, which improves signal quality by reducing ringing and LINE reflections.

串联阻尼电阻(SDR),在器件型号代码里用R表示,它们包括指定器件的所有输入/输出和输出端口(参见图15)。SDR电阻限制电流,因此减少信号负过冲和超越噪声。另外,SDR电阻能减少振铃和线路反射,改善信号质量,使线路终端连接更加容易。





Figure 15. Series-Damping-RESISTOR Option
图15:串联衰减电阻的选配
>>返回目录

53楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解037~037

3.1.1.5 Schottky Clamping DIODE (S)


肖特基箝位二极管 (型号标识代码为S)

[037]

[037]

Schottky diodes are incorporated in inputs and outputs to clamp undershoot (see Figure 16). The Schottky diodes prevent undershoot signals from dropping below a specified level, reducing the possibility of damage to connected devices by large undershoots that can occur without the Schottky diodes.

肖特基二极管一起对输入和输出负过冲进行箝位(参见图16)。肖特基二极管防止负过冲信号跌进规定的电平以下,减少接在没有肖特基二极管时过大的负过冲电压的器件所可能造成的损害。




Figure 16. Schottky Clamping-DIODE DEVICE Schematic
图16:肖特基箝位二极管
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54楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解038~038

3.1.1.6 Undershoot-Protection Circuitry (K)


负过冲保护电路 (型号标识代码为R)

[038]

[038]

TI undershoot-protection circuitry (UPC) functions similarly to Schottky clamping diodes, with one major difference. UPC is an active clamping structure. UPC can greatly reduce undershoot voltage, increasing protection from corrupted data (see Figure 17).

TI负过冲保护电路(UPC)的功能与肖特基箝位二极管类似,其主要区别是:UPC是一个有源箝位电路结构。UPC能很大地减少负过冲电压,在恶劣条件下增强保护功能(参见图17)。
[译者语]from corrupted data 不再直译。建议大家平时选择器件时,多考虑一下这些。



Figure 17. Undershoot-Protection Circuitry in K-Option Devices
图17:K型配置器件中的负过冲保护电路
>>返回目录

55楼: >>参与讨论
IC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解039~039

3.1.1.7 Power-Up 3-State (Z)


上电3 (型号标识代码为Z)

[039]

[039]

The POWER-up 3-state (PU3S) feature ensures valid OUTPUT levels during POWER up and ensures the valid high-impedance state during POWER down. The OUTPUT enable pin (/OE) must be tied high (to VCC) through an external pullup RESISTOR (see Figure 18). For more information, see IOZPU and IOZPU specifications in the electrical characteristics section.

上电3态(PU3S)特点保证上电期间有效的输出电平和保证掉电时为有效的高阻抗输出。输出使能引脚(/OE) 必须通过一个外接的上拉电阻固定到高电位(到VCC) (参见图18)。更多信息,参见IOZPU和IOZPU规格在电气特性(电气指标)部分。



Figure 18. PU3S CIRCUIT Implementation

>>返回目录


-=3.1.1节译完=-

56楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
3.1.1.2中的单向传输
5V CMOS电路的输出低电平约为0V,输出高电平约为5V,这组值对于LVTTL电路来说是有效的逻辑电平(虽然高电平比电源还高),所以从CMOS到LVTTL电路的传输是没有问题的。
但LVTTL的输出高电平太低,无法被5V CMOS电路识别为有效高电平(特殊设计是可以的,但这里应该讲的是TI器件的一般情况吧),所以不能反过来传输。
the integrated DIODE译成集成二极管或内置二极管应该都可以。
if no drive is required中的drive我想应该是指驱动能力,也就是对驱动能力没有要求(或者说要求不高),因为驱动能力要求高,电流大时,二极管正向压降会上升,会影响从5V到3.3V的轮换,所以有些一条件吧。

57楼: >>参与讨论
ic921
谢谢asunmad!
经你的解释,总算明白了,虽然当初曾经“机械”地这么想过。

但,关于“the integrated DIODE译成集成二极管或内置二极管应该都可以”我也想过,但由于不了解实际工艺,就既不敢判断也不敢肯定了----也许根据工艺的情况翻译才是最合适的,你看呢?

58楼: >>参与讨论
ic921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解040~045

3.1.2 Features Bullets



[040]

[040]

The features bullets section highlights information about the salient functions, features, and benefits of the DEVICE. Some features bullets provide an indication of functionality and application of the DEVICE, such as “Eight D-type Flip-Flops in a SINGLE PACKAGE”, “3-State OUTPUTs”, “Carry OUTPUT for N-bit Cascading” (for a binary counter), “Performs Parallel-to-Serial Conversion”, or “Bidirectional Interface Between GTLP Signal Levels and LVTTL LOGIC Levels”. Some data sheets contain electrostatic discharge (ESD) or latch-up TEST results and the associated JEDEC TEST conditions. The following are explanations of some common features bullets.

features bullets一节是器件信息的集萃,包括器件的突出功能的、性能、优势。部分features bullets条目给出器件的功能性和应用性的要点,如“一个封装内含8D型触发器”,“3态输出”,“进位输出实现N位级联”(对二进制计数而言),“完成并行到串行的转换”或“GTLP信号电平和LVTTL电平逻辑电平间的双向传输”。有的数据手册还包括静电或闩锁测试结果以及对应的JEDEC测试条件。下面解释几个有共同性的features bullets :
[译者语]features bullets,比较难译,大抵就是前面关于[011]讨论时说过“核心特性”或“特色特性”吧。欢迎大家发表自己的看法。

我也说过,这是接受英语以来,自个觉得此处是最有味的!

[041]

[041]

Flow-Through Architecture Optimizes PCB Layout
The data inputs and corresponding outputs are on opposite sides of the PACKAGE. This feature makes printed CIRCUIT board trace routing easier.

顺向结构 优化PCB布局
数据输入端仅位于数据输出端的对应一边。该特点可以使印刷电路板布局相对容易。

[042]

[042]

Bus-Hold on Data Inputs Eliminates the Need for External Pullup/Pulldown Resistors
Active bus-hold CIRCUITry holds unused or undriven inputs at a valid LOGIC state. Use of pullup or pulldown resistors with the bus-hold CIRCUITry is not recommended. For more information on bus hold REFER to the TI application report, Bus-Hold CIRCUIT, literature NUMBER SCLA015.

数据输入的总线握手排除了增加外置上拉下拉电阻的可能
有源总线握手电路确保有效逻辑电平状态下不用或无驱动输入。在总线握手电路不推荐使用上拉下拉电阻。关于总线握手的更多信息,参见TI应用报告“Bus-Hold CIRCUIT”,文编码为SCLA015。

[译注]Bus-Hold CIRCUIT一文的链接为:
http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/scla015/scla015.pdf

59楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解046~046

3.1.3 PACKAGE Options and Pinouts 封装选项和引脚外形


[046]

[046]

This section contains a top-view illustration of the leaded-PACKAGE pinout(s) and a bottom view of certain nonleaded PACKAGEs. PACKAGE dimensions and other PACKAGE information is available in the MECHANICAL data section of the SEMICONDUCTOR GROUP Packaging Outlines Reference Guide, literature NUMBER SSYU001.

封装选项和引脚外形
本节内容包括以插图的形式就封装外形做个概览,或无铅封装的底视图。封装尺寸和其它封装信息“the SEMICONDUCTOR GROUP Packaging Outlines Reference Guide”,文献编号为SSYU001。
[译注]译者在网上找不到SSYU001,详细可参考:
1 http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/PACKAGE/guide.htm
 

60楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解047~047

3.1.4 DESCRIPTION


[047]

[047]

The DESCRIPTION section contains a written detailed explanation of the functionality and features of the DEVICE.

描述一节,内容包括器件功能和特性的文字详细说明。

>>返回目录

61楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解048~048

3.1.5 BGA Packaging Top-View Illustrations and Pin-Assignments Table


[048]

[048]

This section contains the top-view illustrations and pin assignments for applicable BGA PACKAGE types.

本节包括:适用BGA封装类型的项视详图和引脚分配。

>>返回目录

62楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解049~054

3.1.6 Ordering Information 订购信息


[049]

[049]

A table is provided that gives the fully qualified orderable PART NUMBER and topside symbolization for every PACKAGE.html">PACKAGE option of the DEVICE.

以一个表格给出器件的每种封装全部可订货部分代码和顶部标记。

[050]

[050]

TI has converted to an ADVANCED order-entry SYSTEM that provides significant improvements to all facets of TI business, from production, to order entry, to logistics. One requirement is a limitation of TI PART NUMBERs to no more than 18 characters. Based on customer inputs, TI determined that the least-disruptive implementations would be as outlined below:

此处怎么看怎么别扭,我暂不译了,请大家指教了。

[051]

[051]

1. PACKAGE.html">PACKAGE alias
TI uses an alias to denote specific PACKAGE.html">PACKAGEs for DEVICE NUMBERs that exceed 18 characters. Table 1 shows a mapping of PACKAGE.html">PACKAGE codes to an alias representation.

1 封装别名
TI用一个别名标记器件代码超过18个字符的特定封装。表1示出了封装代码与别名表示法的对照关系。
[译者语]感觉有点别扭。


Table 1. PACKAGE.html">PACKAGE Alias

CURRENT PACKAGE CODE

ALIAS

DL

L

DGG/DBB

G

DGV

V

GKE/GKF/GQL

K

DLR

LR –tape/reel packing

DGGR/DBBR

GR –tape/reel packing

DGVR

VR –tape/reel packing

GKER/GKFR/GQLR

KR –tape/reel packing


当前型号Current: SN74 ALVCH 162269A DGGR
新型号New: SN74 ALVCH 162269A GR


[052]

[052]

2.      RESISTOR-option nomenclature
For DEVICE NUMBERs of more than 18 characters and with input and OUTPUT RESISTORs, TI has adopted a simplified nomenclature to designate the RESISTOR option. This eliminates the redundant “2” (designating OUTPUT RESISTORs) when the PART NUMBER also contains an “R” (designating input/OUTPUT RESISTORs).



OUTPUT RESISTOR Current: SN74 ALVCH R 16 2 245 A
New: SN74 ALVCH R 16  245 A

2 命名中的电阻选项
对器件型号代码超过18个字符和带输入输出型号,TI用简单的命名方法来标识电阻选项。在型号代码中含有(标识输入/输出电阻)的字母“R”时,(新型号)剔除了目前型号中的“2”(用于标识输出电阻)。





输出电阻目前的型号: SN74 ALVCH R 16 2 245 A
输出电阻新的型号: SN74 ALVCH R 16  245 A

[053]

[053]

There is no change to the DEVICE or data-sheet electrical parameters. The PACKAGE.html">PACKAGEs involved and the changes in nomenclature are given in Table 1.

器件或数据手册电器参数不变,表1给出了与封装有关的命名术语变化。

[054]

[054]




>>返回目录

63楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解055~058

3.1.7 Function Table 功能表



[055]

[055]

The function table illustrates the expected LOGIC values on the OUTPUTs, when the inputs have the given stimuli applied.

输入端施以给定激励时,功能表详尽地给出输出端所期望的逻辑值。


The following symbols are used in function tables on TI data sheets:
TI数据手册功能表所使用的符号如下:

H

=

high level (steady state)高电平(准备状态)

L

=

low level (steady state)低电平(准备状态)


=

transition from low to high level由低到高的阶跃


=

transition from high to low level同高到低的阶跃


=

value/level or resulting value/level is routed to indicated destination值/电平或返回的值/电平送给目标单元

←⌒

=

value/level is re-entered值/电平的返回

X

=

irrelevant (any input, including transitions)无关(任何输入,包括任何阶跃)

Z

=

off (high-impedance) state of a 3-state OUTPUT三态输出的关断状态(高阻)

a….h

=

the level of steady-state inputs A through H, respectively.准备状态下的各种输入端的电平A~H

Q0

=

level of Q before the indicated steady-state input conditions were established表示输入端准备状态条件建立前的业已确定的Q端(输出端)电平

/Q0

=

complement of Q0 or level of /Q before the indicated steady-state input conditions were established即Q0的补或表示输入端准备状态条件建立前的业已确定的/Q端(输出端)电平

Qn

=

level of Q before the most-recent active transition indicated by ↓ or ↑用↓或↑表示的最近有效跳变前的Q端电平


=

one high-level PULSE一个高电平脉冲


=

one low-level PULSE一个低电平脉冲

Toggle

=

each OUTPUT changes to the complement of its previous level on each active transition indicated by ↓ or ↑ 用↓或↑表示的各个有效跳变,各输出端变为之前补值电平


 

64楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
研讨翻译:TI标准逻辑数据手册术语符号的解释与理解059~065

Table 2. Function Table

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

OUTPUTS

OUTPUTS

OUTPUTS


MODE

MODE


SERIAL

SERIAL

PARALLEL

PARALLEL

PARALLEL

PARALLEL





CLEAR

S1

S0

CLOCK

LEFT

RIGHT

A

B

C

D

QA

QB

QC

QD

L

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

L

L

L

L

H

X

X

L

X

X

X

X

X

X

QA0

QB0

QC0

QD0

H

H

H


X

X

a

b

c

d

a

b

c

d

H

L

H


X

H

H

H

H

H

H

QAn

QBn

QCn

H

L

H


X

L

L

L

L

L

L

QAn

QBn

QCn

H

H

L


H

X

X

X

X

X

QBn

QCn

QDn

H

H

H

L


L

X

X

X

X

X

QBn

QCn

QDn

L

H

L

L

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

QA0

QB0

QC0

QD0



[059]

[059]

The first row of the table represents a synchronous clearing of the register and states that, if clear is low, all four OUTPUTs will be reset low, regardless of the other inputs, which are denoted by X. In the following rows, clear is inactive (high); therefore, it has no effect.

表2的第一行表示寄存器的同步清除和与状态,----如果清除端为低,所有4个输出端将至低,不管其它以X表示的输入端如何。随后的各行,因清除端处于无效的高电平,故不对它(clear)作出响应。

[060]

[060]

The second row shows that, as LONG as the clock input remains low (while clear is high), no other input has any effect, and the OUTPUTs maintain the levels they assumed before the steady-state combination of clear high and clock low was established. Because, on other rows of the table ONLY the rising transition of the clock is shown to be active, the second row implicitly shows that no further change in the OUTPUTs occurs while the clock remains high or on the high-to-low transition of the clock.

如表2第2行所示,只要时钟为高(同时清除端为高),没有任何其它输入是有效的,同时输出端保持于所假定的与clear为高前稳定组合状态的电平,且时钟为低已经确定。因在功能表的其它行里仅时钟的出现上升沿才有效,这就暗示着在时钟保持为高或由高到低跳变时,第2行的输出端始终不会变化。

[061]

[061]

The third row of the table represents synchronous parallel loading of the register and states that if S1 and S0 are both high, then, without regard to the serial input, the data entered at A is at OUTPUT QA, data entered at B is at QB, and so forth, following a low-to-high clock transition.

表2中第三行表示计数器的同步平行的加载,和表明如果S1和S0为高电平,那么它就不是连续输入,在时钟由低向高跳变后,在A端的数据输入则在QA端输出,在B端的数据输入将在QB端输出,等等。

[062]

[062]

The fourth and fifth rows represent the loading of high- and low-level data, respectively, from the shift-right serial input and the shifting of previously entered data one bit; data previously at QA is now at QB, the previous levels of QB and QC are now at QC and QD, respectively, and the data previously at QD no LONGer is in the register. This entry of serial data and shift takes place on the low-to-high transition of the clock when S1 is low and S0 is high, and the levels at inputs A through D have no effect.

第四和第五行表示分别加载高电平和低电平的数据,即从右移位串行输入,先移入的一位数据,先前的数据位QA现在变成QB,先前的QB和QC电平现在分别是QC和QD的电平,且先前QD的数据不再存在于计数器中。串行数据和转移的开始发生在时钟的低向高的跳变之时,若S1为低且S0为高,输入端A~D的电平没有作用。

[063]

[063]

The sixth and seventh rows represent the loading of high- and low-level data, respectively, from the shift-left serial input and the shifting of previously entered data one bit; data previously at QB is now at QA, the previous levels of QC and QD now are at QB and QC, respectively, and the data previously at QA no LONGer is in the register. This entry of serial data and shif
65楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
[059]中的states是动词,不是名词“状态”
The first row of the table represents a synchronous clearing of the register and states that, if clear is low, all four outputs will be reset low, regardless of the other inputs, which are denoted by X.
这里的states是动词,意思基本与represents相同,后面的that从句作states的宾语。

表2的第一行说明寄存器同步清除(功能/逻辑),如果clear端为低,那么不管其它输入端如何(以X表示),所有4个输出端都将被复位到低。

66楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
我原来译得就不好,但我当时就是觉得它是represents的宾语
这个地方我一直是疑惑的,但一直认为that后面就是对“同步清除”后各种输出“states(状态)”的描述,亦即是定语之类的。

唉,现在也不敢确定我的这个观点是否对,----有个MM说她语法好,想办法请她来看看。

谢谢asunmad!
这个地方我想再弄清楚一点,我可能有什么地方认识不到位的问题。

67楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
to asunmad
询问结果,也是你对的。这样的误解我肯定还有的是,今后多多指教!

68楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
指教不敢当,继续探讨一下[060]段。
[060]
第一句原文如下。为了方便理解,加了些符号。箭头前为从句,后为主句,主句本身为一个并列句。combination指的就是后面斜体字部分。
The second row shows that, as LONG as the clock input remains low (while clear is high), ①no other input has any effect, and ②the outputs maintain the levels they assumed before the steady-state combination of clear high and clock low was established.
译文:
第二行说明:只要时钟输入保持为低(同时“清除”端为高),那么其它输入都不起作用,并且各输出端将维持它们在“清除”为高、时钟为低这一稳定组态建立起来之前所具有的电平。

第二句Because, on other rows of the table ONLY the rising transition of the clock is shown to be active, the second row implicitly shows that no further change in the outputs occurs while the clock remains high or on the high-to-low transition of the clock.
因为表中其它行里仅时钟的上升沿说明为有效的,所以第二行暗示着在时钟保持为高或由高到低跳变时,输出端始终不会变化。

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-6-3 12:17:11 修改者:asunmad

69楼: >>参与讨论
neulgg
很好,但愿有人接下去!
 

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-6-4 18:27:59 修改者:neulgg

70楼: >>参与讨论
neulgg
谢谢斑竹 您辛苦了!
 

* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-6-4 18:29:41 修改者:neulgg

71楼: >>参与讨论
wcb82828
TO:zhousd
什么真正的前辈高人,能做出对别人有益的事就是高人。kasami做错了吗?你屁事不做还在这批人。
casami我支持你,尽管我现在还有不着这些资料。当然也谢谢宇宙飞船!

72楼: >>参与讨论
iQanalog
[060]明白多了!
谢谢asunmad,我准备接续后面的下去了。为了加快速度,质量可能要下降许多,请尽量多加纠正和指点!

73楼: >>参与讨论
ypj005
这份应用报告有五个主要部分,何如?
 
74楼: >>参与讨论
iQanalog
具体说说你的分法,何如?
ypj005 发表于 2005-7-8 16:27 模拟技术 ←返回版面    

这份应用报告有五个主要部分,何如?


75楼: >>参与讨论
sillboy
收藏了
 
76楼: >>参与讨论
elic

没有续集了,很期待啊

77楼: >>参与讨论
oo

没有了吗

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