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研讨翻译 TI文章 精密电压基准 Precision voltage references

作者:iC921 栏目:模拟技术
研讨翻译 TI文章 精密电压基准 PRECISION voltage references
好不容易得来一次清闲----今天上班没啥事,拿一篇文章看看,觉得应该译一下,好让部分尚未太了解电压基准的朋友有一个得到一些有用的信息。白天初步译了一点,晚上整理后增加了一部分,现帖给大家看看。因类似文章原来看的是比较多一点,译起来感觉容易一些,但也有个别地方有点悔涩难懂,如有的加粗字体的地方。请大家指正,谢谢了。

TI文章 PRECISION voltage references



By Perry Miller, Application Specialist—Data Converters, Texas Instruments, DALLAS, and Doug Moore, Managing Director, Thaler Corp., Tucson, Arizona

Introduction 概述


[001]

[001]

One reason why designing a data conversion SYSTEM is such a challenge is the fact that the SYSTEM accuracy very much depends on the accuracy of the voltage established by the internal or external DC voltage reference. The voltage reference is used to produce a precise VALUE of OUTPUT voltage for setting the full-scale input of the data conversion SYSTEM. In an ANALOG-to-DIGITAL converter (ADC), the DC voltage reference together with the ANALOG input signal is used to generate the digitized OUTPUT signal. And in a DIGITAL-to-ANALOG converter (DAC), the DAC selects and produces an ANALOG OUTPUT from the DC reference voltage according to the DIGITAL input signal presented at the input of the DAC. Any errors in the reference voltage over the operating temperature range will adversely affect the LINEarity and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of the ADC/DAC. Practically all voltage references vary with time or environmental factors such as HUMIDITY, pressure, and temperature. As a result most CMOS ADCs/DACs have internal references suitable ONLY for applications demanding ≤ 12-bit resolution even though the converter may be capable of higher resolution. Modern CMOS converters operate from 3.3-V or 5-V supplies, which limits the on-chip voltage reference to a band-gap reference. By way of the external reference pins provided on the chip, an external PRECISION reference can also be connected to a CMOS ADC or DAC. A PRECISION external voltage reference has a much lower temperature coefficient, THERMAL hysteresis, and long-term drift than an on-chip band-gap voltage reference; therefore, in applications demanding high accuracy (14-bit or 16-bit ADCs/DACs), an external PRECISION voltage reference is often required.

设计数据转换系统正如一项挑战的一个原因,是系统的精度十分依赖于设于内部或外部的直流电压基准的电压精度。电压基准用于产生建立数据转换系统满度的精确电压。在模数转换器ADC里,该直流电压基准和模拟输入信号一起,用于发生数字化输出信号,而在数模转换器DAC里,该DAC选择并按照在当前DAC输入端的数字输入信号从该直流电压基准产生一个模拟电压输出。整个工作温度范围内电压基准的任何误差,将对ADC/DAC的线性度产生不利影响和虚假而又失察的动态范围。实际上,所有电压基准都随时间或环境因素变化,如湿度、压力和温度。正如多数有内部基准的CMOS ADC/DAC,也只适用于要求不高于12位的场合,即便转换器获得更高的精度。现代CMOS转换器工作电源为3.3-V~5-V,限于片内基准只能是带隙基准。通过芯片上提供的外部基准的方法,可以将精密的外部基准接到CMOS DAC或ADC中,外部电压基准有比片内带隙电压基准有更低的温度系数、热迟滞和长期偏差。([译者语]当然,外部基准需要较高的电源电压,而不是有5V就可以了。)因此,对于要求14位、16位ADC/DAC的高精度([译者提示]这是1999年的文章,那时这个精度算是比较高的),会经常地用到外部精密电压基准。
[译者语]1 关于 Modern CMOS converters operate from 3.3-V or 5-V supplies, which limits the on-chip voltage reference to a band-gap reference.一句,请参见附表,齐纳基准和XFET基准的电源电压都高于5V。实际中,象TL431为什么在电源特别是开关电源中用得多的原因,就是这样一个道理:开关电源主要要控制的负载较重的5V电源的电压,但这个电压是不能用齐纳基准或XFET基准的,因为电源的电压不够高。此句如此翻译,也正是基于这种理解----开始还觉得它不好译,特别是limit一词,一时感到难于捉摸。不知道这样理解对不对?2 关于SFDR的译法(见译文的黑体部分),当否?

[002]

[002]

PRECISION voltage references are available with varying degrees of PRECISION and initial accuracy over some operating temperature range. But often what is not obvious when reading a MANUFACTURER’s data sheet is how the initial accuracy of the DEVICE is affected by other key DEVICE parameters such as LINE regulation, load regulation, initial voltage error, OUTPUT voltage temperature coefficient (TC), OUTPUT voltage noise, turn-on settling time, THERMAL hyste-resis, quiescent supply current, and long-term stability.

(使用)精密电压基准会涉及精度变化和特定范围的整个工作温度范围内的初始精度。但,人们阅读厂家的数据手册时,因受诸如(电源电压)线性调整率、负载调整率、初始电压误差、输出电压温度系数TC、热迟滞(系数)、静态电流和长期稳定度等参数的影响而使初始精度往往不明显。

The design origins


[003]

[003]

Modern voltage references are constructed using the energy-band-gap voltage of integrated TRANSISTORs, buried zener diodes, and junction field-effect TRANSISTORs. Each TECHNOLOGY offers inherent performance characteristics that can be enhanced with compensation networks or additional active circuitry. The basis topologies for the band-gap, buried zener, and XFET references are shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

现代电压基准建立于使用集成晶体管和带状能隙基准、掩埋齐纳二极管和结场效应晶体管。各种技术以增强的补偿网络或外加的有源电路提供固有的性能特性。关于带隙基准、掩埋齐纳二极管和XFET基准的基本拓扑如图1、2和3所示。

[/H2]

Band-gap reference







[004]

[004]

At its simplest, a band-gap reference is simply two TRANSISTORs with different emitter areas used for generating a voltage proportional to absolute temperature. VBE1 and VBE2 have opposite temperature coefficients. The voltage VCC is converted to a current I1 and I2 that are mirrored to the OUTPUT branch. The OUTPUT equation is
VO = VBE1 +λ(VBE1 - VBE2),    (1)
where λ is the scale factor, VBE1 is the base-emitter voltage of the larger of the two TRANSISTORs, and VBE2 is the base-emitter voltage of the second TRANSISTOR.

最简单的情形是,简单地用2个发射极面积不同的晶体管作为发生与绝对温度成比例的电压的带隙基准。VBE1 和 VBE2 有相反的温度系数。输出支路的镜像电流I1和I2转换成电压VCC。此输出电压等于:
VO = VBE1 +λ(VBE1 - VBE2),    (1)
其中,λ为标量系数,VBE1为两个晶体管里面积较大一个的基-射极电压,VBE2为两个晶体管里面积较小一个的基-射极电压。

[005]

[005]

The band-gap references are widely used in ADC/DAC converters as well as for external reference source because they are fairly inexpensive. Generally, they are used in SYSTEM DESIGNS where a maximum accuracy of 10 bits is required. Band-gap references typically have an initial error of 0.5–1.0% and a TC of 25–50 ppm/℃. The OUTPUT voltage noise is typically 15–30 μVp-p (0.1–10 Hz) with a long-term stability of 20–30 ppm/1000 hrs.

带隙基准和外部基准源一样,也广泛地用于ADC/DAC转换器,因为它们确实相当的便宜。通常地,它们用于设计精度最大为10位的系统中。带隙基准的典型初始误差为0.5–1.0%,温度系数为25–50ppm/℃
2楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
有点门了,可能是WORD出了问题:似乎是少量内容可以帖
先将表格帖出来吧,其它部分关系不大的...


Table 1. Voltage reference major error sources (all information is based on published data sheets)
表1:电压基准的主要误差源(所有信息均基于已出处的数据手册)

PARAMETER

THALER CORP. VRE3050 TEMPERATURE RANGE –40°C to +85°C

MAXIM MAX6250 TEMPERATURE RANGE –40°C to +85°C

ANALOG DEVICES ADR293 TEMPERATURE RANGE –40°C to +85°C

OUTPUT voltage
(名义)输出电压

5.000V

5.000V

5.000V

Initial error  初始误差

0.01%

0.04%

0.06%

Temperature coefficient
温度系数

0.6ppm/°C

3.0ppm/°C

8.00ppm/°C

Noise (0.1–10 Hz)
输出电压噪声

3.0ΜVp-p

3.0ΜVp-p

15.0ΜVp-p

THERMAL hysteresis 25℃→50℃→25℃  热迟滞(系数)

2ppm

20ppm

15ppm

Long-term stability
长期稳定度

6.0ppm/1000hrs.

20.0ppm/1000hrs.

0.2ppm/1000hrs.

POWER supply 电源

8.0V–36V

8.0V–36V

6.0V–15V

Turn-on settling time
上电上升时间

10Μs

10Μs

<10&MICRO;s

LINE regulation (8V≤VIN≤10V)
(电源电压)线性调整率

25ppm/V

35.00ppm/V

100.00ppm/V

Load regulation (source 0mA≤IO≤15mA) 负载调整率

5ppm/mA

7ppm/mA

100ppm/mA

PSRR(10Hz–900Hz)
电源电压抑制比

95dB

90dB

40dB

译注:PSRR实际上是LINE regulation (电源电压)线性调整率的另一种表示方法。如对ADR293有20log100=40dB。

Explanation of parameters 参数释义


以下待续---

3楼: >>参与讨论
hpy013
不错,顶!
楼主好象一点钟的时候还在学习,强啊!

4楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
研讨翻译 TI文章 精密电压基准 PRECISION voltage references 完

Explanation of parameters 参数释义














[011]

[011]

Initial error—The OUTPUT voltage tolerance of a reference after the DEVICE is turned on and warmed up. It is usually measured without a load applied. In many applications, initial error is the most important specification. Often INSTRUMENT manufacturers will specify a reference with a tight initial error so they do not have to perform room-temperature SYSTEMs calibration after assembly.

【初始误差】器件上电并受热后基准的输出电压公差(误差)。它的测量通常是在无负载的情况进行的。在许多应用中,初始误差是最重要的特性。仪器制造商常常先规定基准严格的初始误差,以便组装后的室温系统无需进行校准。

[012]

[012]

Temperature coefficient (TC)—A change in OUTPUT voltage due to change in temperature usually expressed in ppm/℃. It is the second most important specification after initial accuracy. For many INSTRUMENT manufacturers, a voltage reference with a temperature coefficient less than 1 ppm/℃ makes it possible not to have to perform a SYSTEM temperature calibration, a slow and costly PROCESS. Of the three TC specification methods (slope, butterfly, and box), the box method is most commONLY used. A box is formed by the min/max limits for the nominal OUTPUT voltage over the operating temperature range. The equation follows.
TC={(Vmax-Vmin)/[Vnominal×(Tmax-Tmin)]}×106


【温度系数(TC)】因温度变化造成输出电压的变化,通常用ppm/℃表示。它是仅次于初始精度的第二重要指标。对许多仪器制造商而言,所选用的电压基准常小于,以尽可能避免系统温度的校准----一个缓慢而又代价昂贵的过程。Of the three TC specification methods (slope, butterfly, and box), the box method最为常用。盒子(译注:指封闭空间)是由整个温度范围内名义输出电压最大/最小极限来框住的。其表达式如下:

TC={(Vmax-Vmin)/[Vnominal×(Tmax-Tmin)]}×106

译者语]slope, butterfly, and box是三种评价误差特性规律的术语,原来看过,可是想不起来了。哪位找到麻烦帖出来。

[013]

[013]

This method corresponds more accurately to the method of TEST and provides a closer estimate of actual error than the other methods. The box method guarantees limits for the temperature error but does not specify the exact shape and slope of the DEVICE under TEST. Assuming a 5-V reference with a 0.6-ppm/℃ TC over the industrial temperature range, a PLOT of the box calculation method would appear as in Figure 4.

这种方法较之其它方法更为精确协调,且提供更接近实际误差的评估效果。盒子方法确保温度误差的极限,但不规定测试时精确的外形和器件的slope。假如在整个工业温度范围内一个温度系数TC=0.6-ppm/℃的5V基准,其盒子校准方法呈现如图4的形状。

[014]

[014]

A designer who needs a 14-bit accurate data acquisition SYSTEM over the industrial temperature range (–40℃ to +85℃) will need a voltage reference with a TC of 1.0 ppm/℃ if the reference is allowed to contribute an error equivalent to 1 LSB. For 1/2 LSB equivalent error from the reference, a voltage reference with a temperature coefficient of 0.5 ppm/℃ would be needed. Figure 5 shows the required reference TC vs. Δ T change from 25℃ for resolution ranging from 8 bits to 20 bits.

需要实现整个工业温度范围内14位的精确数据采集系统的设计师,如果允许基准贡献的误差等效为1LSB,就要用温度系数为1.0ppm/℃的电压基准,如果是源自基准的误差等效为1/2LSB,就必须用温度系数为0.5ppm/℃的电压基准。图5示出了精度范围为8位~20位的、温度从25℃作变化时所需基准的温度系数TC。

[015]

[015]

THERMAL hysteresis—A change in OUTPUT voltage as a result of a temperature change. When references experience a temperature change and return to the initial temperature, they do not always have the same initial OUTPUT voltage. THERMAL hysteresis is difficult to correct and is a major error source in SYSTEMs that experience temperature changes of 25℃ or more. Voltage reference manufacturers are starting to include this important specification in their datasheets.

【热迟滞(系数)】因温度变化引起的输出电压变化。当基准(器件)经历一个温度变化且返回初始温度,它们并非总能获得与初始电压相同的电压。校正热迟滞(系数)很困难。经历温度变化25℃甚至更高的系统,热迟滞就成了主要的误差源。电压基准制造商业已开始在他们的数据手册里将这一重要规格特性包括在其中。

[016]

[016]

Noise (1/f and broadband)— Electrical noise on the OUTPUT of a voltage reference. It can include wideband THERMAL noise and narrowband 1/f noise. Wideband noise can be effectively filtered with a simple RC network. 1/f noise is inherent in the reference and cannot be filtered. It is specified in the 0.1- to 10-Hz range. Low 1/f noise references are important in PRECISION DESIGNS.

【(输出电压)噪声】电压基准(器件)在输出电压中的电噪声。它包括宽带的热偶噪声和窄宽的1/f噪声。其中,宽带噪声是有效滤波的简易RC滤波网络,1/f噪声是基准本身所固有的且不能滤波。它专指的频率范围(内的噪声)。精密基准设计时,低1/f噪声是重要的。

[017]

[017]

Longterm drift—A slow change in OUTPUT voltage that occurs over months of operation. Long-term drift is usually expressed in ppm/1000 hrs. In zener references, the long-term drift is typi-cally 6 ppm/1000 hrs. and decreases at an exponential rate over time. Additional temperature burn-in of the reference can accelerate the stability of a zener reference. The XFET reference has excellent long-term stability—0.2 ppm/1000 hrs.

【长期偏差】基准工作数月时输出电压的缓慢变化。长期噪声偏差通常用ppm/1000 hrs表示,且它会随着是非问题的推移按指数规律减小。另外,基准的温度老化可以促使齐纳基准的稳定,而XFET基准的长期稳定度非常优秀,只有0.2 ppm/1000 hrs。

[018]

[018]

Turn-on settling time—A change in voltage over a specified time interval after the POWER is applied. Most references settle to 0.1% in less than 10 μs. Turn-on settling time is important for portable BATTERY SYSTEMs that conserve energy by POWERing the circuitry ONLY for SHORT periods of time.

【通电上升时间】基准器件加电后,规定时间里输出电压的变化(变化幅度或变化率)。多数器件能在少于的时间里稳定在0.1%以内。通电上升时间对要求通电时间短以保存电能的便携式系统尤为重要。

[019]

[019]

LINE regulation—An error produced by a change in the input voltage. This dc specification does not include the effects of ripple voltage or LINE transients.

【(电源电压)线性抑制(率)】输入电压变化引起的误差。该DC特性不考虑电压振铃或电压瞬变所发生的效应。
[译者语]注意后一句指明了检验的条件。

[020]

[020]

Load regulation—An error produced by a change in load current. Like LINE regulation, this dc specification does not include the effects of load transients.

【负载抑制】因负载电流变化而引起的误差。如同【(电源电压)线性抑制(率)】那样,
5楼: >>参与讨论
hunhun
RE!
谢谢!

6楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
[007]的粗体部分
Buried zener-based references are frequently used for 12-bit, 14-bit, and higher resolution systems because the performance of the buried zener-based references can be extended by incorporating nonlinear temperature compensation networks into the design.
在设计中使用非线性温度补偿网络,掩埋齐纳二极管基准的性能可以进一步提升,因此掩埋齐纳二极管基准经常用于12位、14位和更高分辨率的系统中。

7楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
原来没有交代清楚,说明一下
我主要不明白的地方是:Buried zener-based references 里为什么在zener后增加了based ?这样表达,存在什么不同了?

谢谢asunmad!

8楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
Buried zener-based ...相当于...based on buried zener
就是基于掩埋齐纳二极管的,不单指一个齐纳二极管,还有相应的电路。

9楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
很完美的解答
十分感谢!!

10楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
[008]中extra修饰的是implant
an extra channel implant, 一次额外的沟道注入

The XFET reference is a new reference technique that consists of two junction field-effect transistors, one of which has an extra channel implant to raise the pinch-off voltage.
XFET电压基准是一种新的电压基准技术,它由两个结型场效应晶体管构成,其中一个JFET 多一次沟道注入,以提高其夹断电压

11楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
重译[001]和[002]

Introduction 概述


[001]

[001]

One reason why designing a data conversion SYSTEM is such a challenge is the fact that the SYSTEM accuracy very much depends on the accuracy of the voltage established by the internal or external DC voltage reference. The voltage reference is used to produce a precise VALUE of OUTPUT voltage for setting the full-scale input of the data conversion SYSTEM. In an ANALOG-to-DIGITAL converter (ADC), the DC voltage reference together with the ANALOG input signal is used to generate the digitized OUTPUT signal. And in a DIGITAL-to-ANALOG converter (DAC), the DAC selects and produces an ANALOG OUTPUT from the DC reference voltage according to the DIGITAL input signal presented at the input of the DAC. Any errors in the reference voltage over the operating temperature range will adversely affect the LINEarity and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of the ADC/DAC. Practically all voltage references vary with time or environmental factors such as HUMIDITY, pressure, and temperature. As a result most CMOS ADCs/DACs have internal references suitable ONLY for applications demanding ≤ 12-bit resolution even though the converter may be capable of higher resolution. Modern CMOS converters operate from 3.3-V or 5-V supplies, which limits the on-chip voltage reference to a band-gap reference. By way of the external reference pins provided on the chip, an external PRECISION reference can also be connected to a CMOS ADC or DAC. A PRECISION external voltage reference has a much lower temperature coefficient, THERMAL hysteresis, and long-term drift than an on-chip band-gap voltage reference; therefore, in applications demanding high accuracy (14-bit or 16-bit ADCs/DACs), an external PRECISION voltage reference is often required.

设计数据转换系统正如一项挑战的一个原因,是系统的精度十分依赖于设于内部或外部的直流电压基准的电压精度。电压基准用于产生建立数据转换系统满度的精确电压。在模数转换器ADC里,该直流电压基准和模拟输入信号一起,用于发生数字化输出信号,而在数模转换器DAC里,该DAC选择并按照在当前DAC输入端的数字输入信号从该直流电压基准产生一个模拟电压输出。整个工作温度范围内电压基准的任何误差,将对ADC/DAC的线性度产生不利影响和虚假而又失察的动态范围。实际上,所有电压基准都随时间或环境因素变化,如湿度、压力和温度。正如多数有内部基准的CMOS ADC/DAC,也只适用于要求不高于12位的场合,即便转换器获得更高的精度。现代CMOS转换器工作电源为3.3-V~5-V,限于片内基准只能是带隙基准。通过芯片上提供的外部基准的方法,可以将精密的外部基准接到CMOS DAC或ADC中,外部电压基准有比片内带隙电压基准有更低的温度系数、热迟滞和长期偏差。([译者语]当然,外部基准需要较高的电源电压,而不是有5V就可以了。)因此,对于要求14位、16位ADC/DAC的高精度([译者提示]这是1999年的文章,那时这个精度算是比较高的),会经常地用到外部精密电压基准。
[译者语]1 关于 Modern CMOS converters operate from 3.3-V or 5-V supplies, which limits the on-chip voltage reference to a band-gap reference.一句,请参见附表,齐纳基准和XFET基准的电源电压都高于5V。实际中,象TL431为什么在电源特别是开关电源中用得多的原因,就是这样一个道理:开关电源主要要控制的负载较重的5V电源的电压,但这个电压是不能用齐纳基准或XFET基准的,因为电源的电压不够高。此句如此翻译,也正是基于这种理解----开始还觉得它不好译,特别是limit一词,一时感到难于捉摸。不知道这样理解对不对?2 关于SFDR的译法(见译文的黑体部分),当否?

[002]

[002]

PRECISION voltage references are available with varying degrees of PRECISION and initial accuracy over some operating temperature range. But often what is not obvious when reading a MANUFACTURER’s data sheet is how the initial accuracy of the DEVICE is affected by other key DEVICE parameters such as LINE regulation, load regulation, initial voltage error, OUTPUT voltage temperature coefficient (TC), OUTPUT voltage noise, turn-on settling time, THERMAL hyste-resis, quiescent supply current, and long-term stability.

(使用)精密电压基准会涉及精度变化和特定范围的整个工作温度范围内的初始精度。但,人们阅读厂家的数据手册时,因受诸如(电源电压)线性调整率、负载调整率、初始电压误差、输出电压温度系数TC、热迟滞(系数)、静态电流和长期稳定度等参数的影响而使初始精度往往不明显。


12楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
受教了!
an extra channel implant, 一次额外的沟道注入
___
原本也是想这么译,但即便如此也不懂它的意思。幸好没译哪!

13楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
夹断电压大小与沟道参杂浓度有关
增加一次沟道注入(离子注入), 使沟道杂质浓度提高, 那么在同样的控制电压下, PN结耗尽层将变得更窄, 为使沟道夹断, 就得加更高的控制电压, 即夹断电压提高了.

14楼: >>参与讨论
computer00
受教了!“an extra channel implant, 一次额外的沟道注入”
我一直把它看成  “一个额外的通道”,然后把后面的implant看成动词,怎么翻译都不通。。。。。。

理解成名词就好多了,

15楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
[010]有误
The most important parameters for data acquisition systems design are initial error, OUTPUT voltage temperature coefficient (TC), THERMAL hysteresis, noise, and long-term stability of the voltage reference DEVICE.

Table 1 summarizes the major error sources for the three references that are compared in this application note.
    
对数据采集系统设计最重要的参数是器件的初始误差、输出电压温度系数、热迟滞系数、输出电压噪声、长期稳定度。

表1摘录了本应用笔记里的三种电压基准的主要误差源。

末句有明显的错误(表中没有带隙基准),应为:
表1摘录了本应用笔记里的三个电压基准的主要误差源。





16楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
急求“slope, butterfly, and box”的正式解释
[012]
Temperature coefficient (TC)—A change in OUTPUT voltage due to change in temperature usually expressed in ppm/℃. It is the second most important specification after initial accuracy. For many INSTRUMENT manufacturers, a voltage reference with a temperature coefficient less than 1 ppm/℃ makes it possible not to have to perform a SYSTEM temperature calibration, a slow and costly PROCESS. Of the three TC specification methods (slope, butterfly, and box), the box method is most commonly used. A box is formed by the min/max limits for the nominal OUTPUT voltage over the operating temperature range. The equation follows.
TC={(Vmax-Vmin)/[Vnominal×(Tmax-Tmin)]}×106

    【温度系数(TC)】因温度变化造成输出电压的变化,通常用ppm/℃表示。它是仅次于初始精度的第二重要指标。对许多仪器制造商而言,所选用的电压基准常小于,以尽可能避免系统温度的校准----一个缓慢而又代价昂贵的过程。Of the three TC specification methods (slope, butterfly, and box), the box method最为常用。盒子(译注:指封闭空间)是由整个温度范围内名义输出电压最大/最小极限来框住的。其表达式如下:

TC={(Vmax-Vmin)/[Vnominal×(Tmax-Tmin)]}×106

[译者语]slope, butterfly, and box是三种评价误差特性规律的术语,原来看过,可是想不起来了。哪位找到麻烦帖出来。


17楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
[001]Spurious Free Dynamic Range无杂散动态范围。
 
18楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
还真想不到这是一个已经接触过的有名术语
不过,它还有其它解释,在这里,哪一种解释最恰当?


[001]Spurious Free Dynamic Range


http://www.epc.com.cn/magzine/20050812/4832.asp
转换器的规范
---选择转换器的第一步就是将标准需求(例如W-CDMA、CDMA-2000或WiMAX)转变成系统级需求。例如,宽频CDMA的3GPP标准就需要具备目标通道之上87dB的抗阻塞(rejection of blockers)性能。这种需求就决定了收发信号链路转换器的SNR(signal-to-noise ratio,信噪比)和NF(gain and noise figure,增益噪声系数)指标。
---选择转换器的第二步就是要对数据表规范和系统需求进行比较。设计者必须清楚地指出某些关键的系统需求,例如输入频率、输出信号处理、锁相与集成等。
---选择转换器的过程越快越准确,系统的上市时间和成本目标就越容易满足。高速转换器在帮助设计者优化通信系统性能方面有较大的余地:
* 分辨率(受限于位数,决定了所能检测到的最小信号)
* 模拟带宽(决定了可转换的最高模拟输入或输出频率)
* 编码或时钟速率(决定了转换器的采样速度)
* 寄生自由动态量程(Spurious Free Dynamic Range)(决定了ADC对干扰的敏感性,或者DAC的传输屏蔽特性)
* 噪声与失真(限制了转换器的动态性能)
* 线性度、偏移与增益指标(决定了转换器的输出反映输入的精确性)
* 功耗(影响系统划分和系统整体预算)



http://tech.smt.cn/Tech_4125-1.html
70. SFDR (Spurious Free Dynamic Range) : 无寄生动态范围 69. IMD(InterModulation Distortion ) : 互调失真



http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/qikan/periodical.Articles/zgkxjsdxxb/zgkx2005/0501/050109.htm

时钟抖动对ADC变换性能影响的仿真与研究


Simulation and Research of the Effect Caused by Clock Jitter on ADC Conversion

杨小军  陈曦  张庆民 

摘 要:从理论上分析了时钟抖动(clock jitter)对模数变换器(analog-to-digital converter,ADC)的信噪比和无伪波动态范围(spurious free dynamic range,SFDR)等指标的影响.使用Labview在计算机上建立ADC仿真系统,并用ANALOG Devices公司的AD6644设计了两套电路,对采样时钟抖动不同的AD6644的变换性能进行实际测量,分析了实测结果,还进行了对比仿真实验,并和理论分析互相验证.结果显示时钟抖动严重影响ADC的SNR, 采样频率越高,影响越大,但会改善SFDR.理论分析、仿真和实际测量的结果为高速、高精度ADC电路的设计和芯片选型提供了很好的参考.
关键词:时钟抖动;ADC;信噪比;无伪波动态范围
分类号:TP3 文献标识码:A
文章编号:0253-2778(2005)01-0066-08


* - 本贴最后修改时间:2005-10-24 19:15:23 修改者:iC921

http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/qikan/periodical.articles/zgkxjsdxxb/zgkx2005/0501pdf/050109.pdf

19楼: >>参与讨论
asunmad
我看SFDR的几种译法
寄生自由动态量程是一种机械的词对词的翻译, 不可取.
无寄生动态范围, 无伪波动态范围, 无杂散动态范围, 讲的都是同一个意思, 但我不太喜欢第一种说法, 后两种说法差不多, 因我首先从"微电子缩略语词典"上看到"无杂散动态范围"这一解释, 所以一直喜欢用这种说法.


20楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
我觉得你说的是对的
但从理解上说,感觉不够直观。这个地方,明显是基准导致(满)量程抖动(偏移),“无杂散动态范围”似乎太专业了点,不太能体现这个意思。能找个通俗一点的词就好了。

21楼: >>参与讨论
iQanolog
没有了?
 
22楼: >>参与讨论
by2hit.amo
首先对楼主表示敬佩^_^大家有没有关心超声波换能器匹配……
首先对楼主表示敬佩^_^大家有没有关心超声波换能器匹配方面的?如果有的话,回复一下。如果我在email里看到通知,我就上传一下一些东东,是做超声波料位计的时候翻译的,不过丑话说在前面,翻译水平很次(因为是给自己看的,也不是很需要较真^_^)

23楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
你可以自己译,帖出来后自然有人指点的
慢慢找,有合适的就要,不要勉强

24楼: >>参与讨论
iC921
顶一下,方便收录
 
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